Globe artichokes have much to contribute to home gardens, from providing thin layers of leathery leaves for delectable dining to serving as flowery backdrops in border settings. Pollinators like their purple, thistle-like blooms, too.
“I think they’re kind of a novel plant,” said Dan Drost, a vegetable specialist with Utah State University Cooperative Extension. “They’re not as popular as tomatoes, but they can look very attractive in the landscape. It’s one plant for gardeners to try if they’re feeling adventurous.”
Globe artichokes are native to the Mediterranean region, and grow well as perennials in the Far West and Pacific Northwest with their cool, moist summers and relatively mild winters (Zone 6 when mulched). Artichokes become annuals in frigid areas.
“Oftentimes, gardeners dig up their plants in the fall and plant them out again the next spring in cool climates,” Drost said. “The trick in getting artichokes to flower is that they need a cold period. You need to plant them early to get cold temperatures on them — 50 degrees for a few weeks, and then they’ll flower. Other than that, they’ll just grow tall and can be used as a vegetable.”
Some globe artichoke varieties mature to 4 feet across and 5 or 6 feet tall. As perennials, it’s recommended that they be divided every several years or before they begin to lose their vigor. That increases the number of plants in the landscape as well as their productivity.
“The older the plant, the more years it’s been growing in the garden, the more flower stalks it has,” Drost said. “Each produces seven to 10 blossoms.”
Artichokes can be grown from seed or by using starter plants. It depends on the location.
“To grow artichokes from seed, start them indoors in late February or March under grow lights for about eight weeks, and then plant them outside after the last frost,” said Jim Myers, a plant breeder and researcher at Oregon State University. “In May or June, it’s best to purchase starts from your local nursery or mail-order catalog.”
Artichoke plants should be budding by mid-summer. If the flower buds are destined for the table, then harvest them when they reach full size but before they open. They’ll store properly for three to five days once refrigerated.
“If left to flower, they will produce a large purple thistle that can be dried and used in arrangements,” Myers said in a fact sheet. “If you harvest all the heads in milder climates, artichokes may send up a second crop in the fall.”
Globe artichokes are easy to cook.
“Boil or steam immature heads until tender, drain, remove the leaf scales one by one, dip them in melted butter, vinaigrette or hollandaise sauce, and then suck out the juicy flesh from each scale,” the Royal Horticultural Society recommends. (Mayonnaise works, too.)
Remove and toss the fibrous “choke” in the bud’s center, and then finish by eating the meaty “heart” that extends down into the stem.
“Mature flowers take longer to cook and are less flavorsome, but can be cooked and consumed in the same way,” the society says.
Online:
For more, see this Utah State University Cooperative Extension fact sheet: http://www.extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/HG-2003-03.pdf
